Cyber security is the practice of protecting computer systems and networks from digital attacks and unauthorised access.
Common Cyber Threats
- Malware: Malicious software such as viruses, worms, and ransomware.
- Phishing: Tricks to steal personal information via deceptive emails or websites.
- Brute Force Attack: Trying many password combinations until one works.
- DoS Attack: Overloading a server to make it unavailable to users.
- Data Interception: Secretly monitoring data transmitted over a network.
- SQL Injection: Exploiting a website's database via malicious code.
The Human Element & Prevention
Users are often the weakest link. Social engineering exploits human psychology to gain confidential information.
Key prevention measures include:
- Penetration Testing (Pen Testing): Authorized hacking to find vulnerabilities.
- Firewalls: Filter traffic and block unauthorised access.
- Encryption: Convert data to secret codes.
- Anti-malware Software: Detects and removes malicious programs.
- User Access Levels: Limit user permissions to essentials.
Strong passwords, two-factor authentication, and input sanitisation are crucial for security.